This is a major source of error in most satellite-based AOD retrievals. In addition, the use of a hyperspectral sensor allows the avoidance of atmosphere Imatinib Mesylate mw gaseous absorption bands and the use of the complete spectrum from near-UV to SWIR if desired. Furthermore, the spectral and Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the spatial domain can be binned (adding bands or pixels selleck bio together) to achieve the desired signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The Airborne Prism EXperiment (APEX) [6] is chosen for this paper as an example for such an airborne hyperspectral instrument.This study assesses the feasibility of aerosol retrieval with APEX in terms of the SNR and independent of any particular AOD retrieval technique, which was previously proposed by [7] and [8].
A model which translates atmospheric conditions and surface reflectance into radiance values at-sensor Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries is essential for the establishment of feasibility.
It needs also to address the multiple scattering of light while being as simple as possible to avoid excessive computational time or alternatively the use of precalculated lookup tables. This study analyses the SNR requirements and limitations of aerosol Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries retrieval with a focus on the influence of the surface reflectance.All calculations are carried out at the commonly used aerosol Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries reference wavelength of 550nm to make the results comparable to other studies. Preliminary analysis at other wavelengths within the visible spectrum did not reveal qualitative differences to the findings at 550nm and are therefore not shown in this paper.
The Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries figures are plotted for 0<��550nmaer<1 on the x-axis because Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the minimum expected visibility for an airborne remote sensing campaign will be about 5km(��550nmaer��1). Flights usually will be Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries carried out at visibilities of more than 10km(��550nmaer��0.6).2.?Sensor Characteristics of APEXAPEX is a dispersive push-broom imaging spectrometer, which is expected to provide unique hyper-spectral GSK-3 data to geophysical and biochemical studies on land, water and atmospheric processes. APEX will contribute to the Earth observation community by simulating, calibrating and validating future space- and airborne optical sensors.
The expected performance of APEX along with a novel Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries spectral, radiometric and geometric calibration methodology provide an opportunity to overcome limitations of currently available remote sensing instruments.
This potential is especially important in addressing the requirements for the remote Site URL List 1|]# sensing of aerosols.APEX features more than 500 spectral bands from 385nm to 2500nm with a sampling interval of 0.4nm to 10nm in the selleck full spectral mode. The standard spectral mode comprises more than 300 bands, where bands are binned together to increase the SNR. The typical gain in SNR is in the order of 40% per domain (spectral or spatial). This corresponds to a factor of 1.42 �� 2 for the binning in both domains.The GSD is governed by 0.028�� instantaneous field of view and 1000 pixels across track. It varies from 2.