These cells are considered to be representative of the whole organism in terms of the level of exposure of to oxidative stress. However, it has been suggested that the apparent high levels of 8-oxodG could be due

to artefactual oxidation of DNA during the treatment of the samples. The European Standards Committee on Oxidative DNA Damage (ESCODD) has now been set up within the European laboratory network to improve and harmonise 8-oxodG measurement methods [6–9]. In a previous study [10], we have described the optimisation of an analytical procedure to measure 8-oxodG in PBMCs by using HPLC coupled with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED). In that study [10], the protocol was applied to the analysis of 8-oxodG in PBMCs of subjects (n = 60) from a case-control study that included both, SCC and ADC cases. Control Go6983 molecular weight samples (n = 43) exhibited 4.9 ± 1.9 molecules of 8-oxodG per 106 unaltered guanosines, levels which AZD6738 mw correspond to the median values reported by the latest ESCODD trial for HPLC measurement AZD4547 cell line in lymphocytes from healthy young men [11]. In comparison, oesophageal cancer patients (n = 17) showed higher oxidative DNA damage as indicated by the 8-oxodG levels of 7.2 ± 2.6 per 106, 2′-dG (Student’s t-test, P < 0.001). This difference remained significant even after technical (storage,

sampling period, 2′-dG levels) and individual (age, sex, smoking, alcohol) confounding factors were taken into account (P < 0.0001, generalized linear regression model). Moreover, data on smoking habits and alcohol consumption of the volunteers were available, and could be correlated with the observed levels of oxidatively-damaged DNA. The aim of the present study was Ixazomib solubility dmso to characterize

the relationship between the levels of oxidative stress, antioxidant vitamins and genetic constitution in oesophageal cancers. An elevated level of oxidative DNA lesions could be related to exogenous or endogenous parameters. Therefore, factors that may influence the extent of oxidative DNA damage such as the nutritional status and genetic polymorphisms were included in this study. Antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamin A and vitamin E are effective free radical scavengers and can also be useful markers of antioxidant status. Presumably, a higher production of ROS due to severe oxidative stress, characteristic of oesophageal cancers, could lead to a higher metabolic consumption of the antioxidant vitamins, and this would be reflected in their lower serum levels. This “”antioxidant hypothesis”" was examined in the subjects included in our study by determining the serum concentrations of vitamins A and E. Oxidatively damaged bases in DNA are preferentially repaired by base excision enzymes. The hOGG1 gene encodes the human 8-oxo-guanine DNA glycosylase that cleaves the 8-oxo-guanine base from damaged DNA. The single-nucleotide polymorphism at codon 326 (Ser 326, rs 1052133) is the most well-studied polymorphism of hOGG1.