RESULTS: Several carbon felts were characterized for their electrode activity. A commercially supplied electrolyte of unknown composition was analysed and was shown to contain a VO2+: V3+ ratio of 4.8:1 (total vanadium species = 1.5 mol dm(-3)) in 4 mol dm(-3) H2SO4. A battery (100 cm(2)) was assembled using three-dimensional carbon felts and planar carbon feeders as the electrodes with a Nafion RG 7112 (R) 115 proton exchange membrane. Performance was examined using electrolytes

of varying vanadium ion concentration at volumetric flow rating from 0.5-3 mL min(1). A suitable volumetric flow rate of electrolyte through each half-cell was found to be in the range 1.5-2.0 mL min(-1), corresponding to a mean linear electrolyte velocity of 1.0-10.1 cm s(-1) through the carbon felt electrode. At a constant current

charge and discharge current density of 100 mA cm(-2) the typical voltage efficiencies were 65%. Charge-discharge curves were then simulated using a detailed physical model, which generated good quantitative agreement with experimental https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nu7441.html cell performance.

CONCLUSIONS: This study has quantified the effect of key process variables on cell efficiency. A mathematical model has been used successfully to describe charge-discharge performance and the use of open-circuit cell voltage has been shown to provide a simple and useful means of cell monitoring. (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry”
“To examine whether the meaning and interpretation of body image are similar for breast cancer

survivors and women without breast cancer.

Women completed the Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales as part of two studies. There were 469 women with breast cancer and 385 women without breast cancer. Invariance testing was conducted to examine whether the items assessing the body image dimensions were similar, whether the dimensions were interpreted similarly, whether the items were equally salient Fedratinib in vitro and meaningful, and whether there were mean differences on the body image dimensions across the two groups.

The meaning and interpretation of body image dimensions related to appearance evaluation and appearance orientation were similar across the groups, yet some group differences were found for overweight preoccupation and body areas satisfaction (and not testable for self-classified weight). Breast cancer survivors reported a small yet significantly higher mean on appearance evaluation and lower mean on appearance orientation compared to the women without breast cancer.