1) using 0.3 mM NADPH and 1 mM substrate in the reduction sense, or in 100 mM Glycine-KOH buffer

(pH 10.3) using 0.3 mM NADP+ and 10 mM substrate (except for Octanol where 1 mM was used, and for 2-Chlorobenzyl alcohol and 4-Chlorobenzyl alcohol where 3 mM were used) for the oxidation sense. The specific activity towards 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde (5.1 μmol·min-1·mg-1) and to 3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol (2.0 μmol·min-1·mg-1) were taken as 100% for the reduction and oxidation reactions, selleckchem respectively (Table 1). The kinetic parameters K M , k cat and K i for aldehyde and alcohol substrates (Table 2) were computed by fitting initial reaction rates, measured as a function of substrate concentration, to the Michaelis-Menten equation (Equation 1) or, when substrate inhibition was observed, to the uncompetitive substrate inhibition equation (Equation 2) with the non-linear regression Enzyme Kinetics 1.3 module of the SigmaPlot 11.0 package (Systat Software, IL, USA): (1) (2) where V represents the reaction rate, V max is the limiting reaction rate, S is the substrate concentration, K M is the Michaelis constant and K i is

the substrate inhibition constant. The catalytic constant k cat of the enzyme for the different substrates was derived from . The total enzyme concentration [E] MK-4827 was LDN-193189 datasheet evaluated using a protein molecular mass of 74.2 kDa. The enzyme kinetic parameters for NAD(P)H and NAD(P)+ + were determined with 0.2 mM 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 10 mM 3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl alcohol, respectively. Results are the mean ± SEM from at least three separate experiments. Authors’ contribution DDY participated in the design of the study, carried out the experimental

work, participated in the interpretation of the results and drafted the manuscript. JMF participated in the design and coordination of this study and helped to revise the manuscript. GMdB conceived and designed the study, coordinated the experiments, Venetoclax solubility dmso interpreted the results and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements We are very grateful to Jean-Luc PARROU and Emmanuelle TREVISIOL for scientific support and to Marie-Ange TESTE and Pierre ESCALIER for technical assistance. Dong- Dong YANG holds a Ph. D. grant from the China Scholarship Council. This work was supported in part by Region Midi Pyrénées (France) under Grant No. 09005247 and was carried out in the frame of COST Action FA0907 BIOFLAVOUR ( http://​www.​bioflavour.​insa- toulouse.fr) under the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme for Research (FP7). References 1. Boerjan W, Ralph J, Baucher M: Lignin biosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Biol 2003, 54:519–546.PubMedCrossRef 2.