4 (19%) patients with the TG or GG genotype (P = 0.0227). Similarly, the TT haplotype was found in 13 (76.5%) patients achieving SVR and in 13 (43.3%) non-responders (Table 3 and Fig. 1a). IL28B polymorphisms were also presented for HCV-infected haemophilia patients who received treatment, separately for genotype 1 (N = 42), and for genotypes 2/3 (N = 9). For HCV genotype 1-infected patients the frequency of CC haplotype of SNP rs12979860 and TT genotype of SNP rs8099917 remained significantly higher in those who achieved SVR than in non-responders; in contrast, these IL28B polymorphisms did not differ by viral response in patients infected

with HCV genotypes 2/3 (Table 3). SVR was more commonly achieved in patients infected with HCV genotypes 2 or 3 than those infected with genotype 1: 6 (75%) vs. 13 (30.2%) (P = 0.0211). Although numerically different, Selleck HDAC inhibitor SVR rates were not significantly associated with viral load [8 (44.4%) for HCV RNA < 800 000 IU mL−1 selleck chemical vs.11 (33.3%) for HCV RNA ≥ 800 000 IU mL−1; (P = 0.175)], or degree of fibrosis [12 (44.4%) for stage F0–F2 vs. 7 (29.2%) for stage F3–F4; (P = 0.124)]. Fourteen

(35%) patients carrying the CC haplotype of SNP rs12979860 had presumably cleared HCV infection spontaneously, whereas viral clearance by CT and TT haplotypes had occurred in 9 (13.4%) and 2 (9.1%) patients respectively (CC vs. CT or TT; P = 0.00262) (Fig. 1b). The CC haplotype was detected in 14 (56%) patients in whom HCV infection had spontaneously cleared and in 26 (25%) chronically infected patients. The rates of spontaneous clearance for the rs8099917 polymorphism were: 19 (25.7%) for the TT genotype vs. 2 (4.5%) for patients with the TG or

GG genotype (P = 0.00371). The TT genotype was found in 19 (90.5%) of those who had cleared HCV spontaneously and in 55 (56.7%) chronically HCV-infected haemophiliac patients (Fig. 1b Endonuclease and Table 4). We compared the frequency of the CC haplotype at SNP rs12979860 and the TT genotype at SNP rs8099917 among patients with high (RNA ≥ 800 000 IU mL−1) vs. low viral load and found no significant difference between the two groups. We also compared the frequency of these genotypes between patients with a mild-to-moderate (F0–F2) and advanced stage of fibrosis (F3–F4) using the FibroTest, and again did not detect any difference between these groups. The frequency of the CC haplotype and the corresponding C-allele frequency at SNP rs12979860 were assessed in HCV-infected haemophiliac patients of various ethnic ancestries (Table 5). Among Jews of Ashkenazi or Sephardic origin, and Muslim or Christian Arabs living in Israel, the frequency of the CC haplotype was between 21.4% and 37.5%, and that of the C-allele was between 39.7% and 50.7% (difference not significant). The CC genotype was detected in six (50%) patients of Asian Republic origin and in only three (15.8%) immigrants from European Russia (P = 0.044).