5.2. Bow-Ties The analysis of the connectivity structure of genome-based metabolic networks of 65 fully sequenced organisms [7] revealed that the {Selleck Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleck Antidiabetic Compound Library|Selleck Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleck Antidiabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Antidiabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|buy Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library ic50|Anti-diabetic Compound Library price|Anti-diabetic Compound Library cost|Anti-diabetic Compound Library solubility dmso|Anti-diabetic Compound Library purchase|Anti-diabetic Compound Library manufacturer|Anti-diabetic Compound Library research buy|Anti-diabetic Compound Library order|Anti-diabetic Compound Library mouse|Anti-diabetic Compound Library chemical structure|Anti-diabetic Compound Library mw|Anti-diabetic Compound Library molecular weight|Anti-diabetic Compound Library datasheet|Anti-diabetic Compound Library supplier|Anti-diabetic Compound Library in vitro|Anti-diabetic Compound Library cell line|Anti-diabetic Compound Library concentration|Anti-diabetic Compound Library nmr|Anti-diabetic Compound Library in vivo|Anti-diabetic Compound Library clinical trial|Anti-diabetic Compound Library cell assay|Anti-diabetic Compound Library screening|Anti-diabetic Compound Library high throughput|buy Antidiabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library ic50|Antidiabetic Compound Library price|Antidiabetic Compound Library cost|Antidiabetic Compound Library solubility dmso|Antidiabetic Compound Library purchase|Antidiabetic Compound Library manufacturer|Antidiabetic Compound Library research buy|Antidiabetic Compound Library order|Antidiabetic Compound Library chemical structure|Antidiabetic Compound Library datasheet|Antidiabetic Compound Library supplier|Antidiabetic Compound Library in vitro|Antidiabetic Compound Library cell line|Antidiabetic Compound Library concentration|Antidiabetic Compound Library clinical trial|Antidiabetic Compound Library cell assay|Antidiabetic Compound Library screening|Antidiabetic Compound Library high throughput|Anti-diabetic Compound high throughput screening| global metabolic network was organized in the form of a bow-tie [7,58]. Metabolism has also been described as several nested bow-ties and large-scale organizational frameworks such as the bow-tie were necessary starting points for higher-resolution

modeling of complex biological processes [59]. Studies and detailed information on the bow-tie topological features of metabolic networks and their functional significance can be seen in [7,58,59,60,61]. The concept of bow-ties Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical regards the metabolic network as a directed network. As illustrated in Figure 9 below, bow-ties [7,58,59,60,61], show similarity in structure to bottlenecks, except there is a difference in Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical how the nodes are connected: the nodes that make up a bow-tie are “OR” nodes, i.e. they are traversed in parallel,

while the nodes of a bottleneck are “AND” nodes, traversed in series. Figure 9 A simplified example Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of a bow tie. As illustrated above, the bow-tie structure of a directed graph has 4 components [7,58,59,60,61]: (1) The input domain (substrate subset (S)), which contains substrates that can Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical be converted reversibly to intermediates or directly to metabolites in the GSC, but those directly connected to the GSC cannot be produced from the GSC. (2) The knot or GSC, which is the metabolite converting hub [60], where protocols manage, organize and process inputs, and from where, in turn, the outputs get propagated. The GSC follows the graph theory definition [62] and contains metabolites that have routes (can be several) connecting them Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to each other; it is the most important subnet in the bow-tie structure. (3) The output domain (product subset (P)), which contains products from metabolites in the GSC and

can also have intermediate metabolites but the products cannot be converted back into the GSC [7]. In other words, the reactions directly linking Histamine H2 receptor substrates to the GSC and the GSC to the products are irreversible. (4) The resulting metabolites that are not in the GSC, S or P subsets form an isolated subset (IS), the simplest structured of the four bow-tie components [7], which can include metabolites from the input domain S or the output domain P but those metabolites cannot reach the GSC or be reached from it. The bow-tie decomposition of a network can assist with the problem of combinatorial explosion encountered when calculating EMs and MCSs in large sized metabolic networks.