57 ± 0.90 4.79 ± 0.84 4.8 6.336 p < 0.001 0.258 PEF (L/s) 8.50 ± 0.94 8.87 ± 0.92 4.35 3.446 p < 0.01 0.401 PIF (L/s) 5.71 ± 1.16 6.58 ± 1.08 15.1 4.505 p < 0.005 0.776 Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Table 4 Cardiopulmonary parameters obtained from the Pre-test and Post-test Parameter Pre-test (n = 12) Post-test (n = 12) Changes% T P value Effect size Resting heart rate 65.18 ± 12.72

62.18 ± 11.82 −4.8 3.609 p < 0.005 0.244 Maximum heart rate 173.4 ± 14.35 187.4 ± 15.17 8 3.777 p < 0.005 0.954 Systolic blood pressure 11.99 ± 0.87 11.28 ± 0.85 −6.2 5.440 p < 0.001 0.824 Diastolic blood pressure 6.645 ± 0.503 6.164 ± 0.566 −7.8 7.831 MK5108 mw p < 0.001 0.900 Chest circumference at max. inhale 89.41 ± 4.59 89.95 ± 4.66 0.6 2.782 p < 0.05 0.118 Chest circumference at max. exhale 83.73 ± 5.28 82.41 ± 5.14 −1.6 4.342 p < 0.005 0.253 Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Lung function tests significantly increased after ten days of supplementation. Peak inspiratory flow (PIF) shows maximum changes whereas forced vital capacity (FVC) had least changes and effect size. Both resting and exercise OSI-027 molecular weight heart rates were significantly decreased during post-test. Similarly, the chest circumference during maximum exhale and blood pressure in the post-test significantly decreased.

Discussion Previous studies have shown that selleck inhibitor various kinds of mint were effective in reducing muscle pain [19, 20], muscle relaxation, and reduce fatigue [21]. However, previous studies showed inhaling peppermint aroma has no effect on the lung

function tests and physical Protein kinase N1 performance during acute and intensive exercise [18]. In a research on the effect of peppermint aroma during 15-minute low intensity treadmill exercise among male and female college students [22], no significant difference seen in the resting or exercise heart rate, oxygen consumption, ventilation, and perceived physical workload. In the current research, improvement in the spirometric measurements (FVC, PEF, and PIF) and ventilation during treadmill exercise, as well as an increase in the maximum chest circumferences observed. These results can be justified by decreasing the airway and bronchial smooth muscle tonicity with or without effect on the pulmonary surfactant. Previously, reported a significant increase in the respiratory muscle strength after four-week inspiratory and expiratory muscle training on the respiratory muscle strength and time to exhaustion in healthy people [15]. In the current study, PIF, which is dependent on strength and speed of shortening of the inspiratory muscles, significantly improved. Therefore, an increase in the inspiratory muscle strength after peppermint consumption is conceivable. In an in-vitro study, menthol vapour lowered the surface tension on synthetic surfactant films [23]. It may change the lung surface tension and its function [23].