atrosepticum and P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is 98.19%. Many others phylogenetic analysis revealed that not all subspecies of P. carotovorum were grouped in a single, robust clade identified by all methods [9, 29]. This was a strong indication that the different subspecies of P. carotovorum could indeed belong to different species. Despite the fact that some authors have concluded that the phylogenies built with single genes do not have many informative characters,

and they “may not accurately reflect interspecies taxonomic relatedness” [22], our current phylogenetic analysis of pmrA sequences was clearly sufficient selleck chemical to determine whether all of these subspecies can be placed in the same subspecies

or to split into two different subspecies. SB-715992 clinical trial Noting that, the pmrA gene sequences have several advantages, including being effectively a single-copy gene, highly conserved in P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and easy to amplify. Therefore, the sequencing and analysis sequence data for the pmrA region of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strains could be a reliable tool for detection of pathogens. Moreover, pmrA sequence analysis has shown a high genetic diversity among the isolates P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. The same results have been reported by other studies [2, 5, 9, 23, 29] using several phylogenetic analyses seeking to understand the relationship among these nominal subspecies. Table 1 Strains used in this study Species/subspeciesa Accession no Isolates Year isolated Moroccan city Reference P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum JQ278721 P603AH1 2003 Ain halouf [2, 10]   JQ278727 P106F1 2006 Fes [2, 10]   JQ278728 P116SK1 2006 Sidi kacem [2, 10]   JQ278731 P606SK2 2006 Sidi kacem [2, 10]   JQ278738 P606SK5 2006 Tobramycin Sidi kacem [2]   JQ278736 P606Sd2 2006 Sidi slimane [2, 10]   JQ278748 P126SI1 2006 Sidi issa [2]   JQ278749 P116C2 2006 Natural Product Library purchase Casablanca [2, 10]   JQ278739 P507CH1 2007 Chtouka [2]   JQ278742 P507K12 2007 Kenitra [2]   JQ278724 P111C1 2011 Casablanca This study   JQ278744 P603AH2

2003 Ain halouf [10]   JQ278741 1349 2003 Ain halouf [30]   JQ278725 P106F2 2006 Fes This study   JQ278732 P606Sd3 2006 Sidi slimane This study   JQ278746 1351 2006 Casablanca [30]   JQ278743 P507C4 2007 Casablanca This study   JQ278729 P507BM2 2007 Beni mellal [10]   JQ278726 P111C2 2011 Casablanca This study   JQ278723 P111C3 2011 Casablanca This study   JQ278737 P111C4 2011 Casablanca This study   JQ278734 P109C1 2009 Casablanca This study   JQ278733 P109C2 2009 Casablanca This study   JQ278740 P109C3 2009 Casablanca This study   JQ278730 P211C1 2011 Casablanca This study   JQ278735 P211C2 2011 Casablanca This study   JQ278747 P211C3 2011 Casablanca This study   JQ278722 P211C4 2011 Casablanca This study   JQ278745 132C 2006 Casablanca [30] a All strains have for hosts: potato and for pmrA-PCR product: 666 pb.