Based on census data and pooled CHB prevalence rates from the RE meta-analyses using all surveys for a given country combined, we estimated that the number of FB in the United States living with CHB in 2009 (Table 3) was 1.32 million persons (95% CI: 1.04-1.61). Approximately 58% of the FB persons living with CHB migrated from Asia and approximately 11% migrated from Africa, where CHB is hyperendemic (Fig. 1). Approximately 7% of the FB with CHB in the United States were from Central America, a region with lower CHB rates, but many more

emigrants to the United States. The five countries from which the largest numbers of FB with CHB originate were China (243,484; 12.3% of 1.99 million Chinese immigrants), Vietnam (143,440; 12.5% of 1.15 million Vietnamese immigrants), Philippines (127,612; 7.4% of 1.73 million Filipino immigrants), Dominican Republic (84,542;

Torin 1 nmr 10.7% of 791,593 Dominican immigrants), and Mexico (56,243; 0.49% of 11.5 million Mexican immigrants). Using the pooled CHB prevalence rates from the FE meta-analyses (all surveys combined), the number of FB in the United States living with CHB in 2009 was 967,281 persons (95% CI: 902,328-1.03 million). RE pooled prevalence rates were calculated from surveys in emigrants for 52 countries for which data were available. Substituting these rates for the rates from all studies combined (for a given country) yielded an estimate of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD1152-HQPA.html 1.23 million (95% CI: 784,175-1,833,960) FB in the United States with CHB (Fig. 2). Subgroup analysis also suggests that CHB rates in some countries declined over time. To account for this, an alternative calculation was done using the number of FB living in the United States in 2009 that arrived from each country in each of three decades (i.e., before 1990, 1990-1999, and 2000-2009), combined with the country-specific RE pooled CHB rate based on surveys done in the corresponding decade (Supporting Table 9). This calculation indicates the number of FB living with CHB in the United States in 2009 was 1.42 million (95% CI: 952,011-1,898,658). Because of the small

number of surveys in the subgroups, both estimates based on subgroup analyses had greater uncertainty than the estimate based on MCE公司 all surveys combined and should be interpreted with caution. In this study, we used an approach to estimating the prevalence of CHB in the FB that avoided a major shortcoming of CHB studies based on sampling of FB persons living in the United States—namely, that these studies underrepresent FB persons and others at high risk for CHB.3, 22 Our approach focused on the FB, and we systematically reviewed, on a county-by-country basis, the majority of available data on HBsAg seroprevalence rates in emigrants and in-country populations of 102 countries from which FB in the United States originate.