(c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.”
“Objective. Colonic ischemia (CI) is a known complication of both open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Despite a relatively low incidence of 1% to 6%, the associated morbidity and mortality are high. We sought to analyze factors that affect the development of CI on the basis of
type of repair as well as associated outcomes from a large nationwide database.
Methods. All admissions undergoing AAA repair were selected from the 2003 and 2004 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to compare outcome measures and identify independent GSK1904529A datasheet predictors of development of colonic ischemic complications.
Results: We identified 89,967 admissions for AAA repair (mean age, 69.9 years). Open elective repair was performed in 49% of cases, elective EVAR in 41%, and ruptured aneurysm repair in 9%. The overall incidence of CI was 2.2% (1941 cases); however, the incidence for specific procedures was significantly higher after repair of ruptured aneurysm (8.9%) and open elective repair (1.9%) than after EVAR (0.5%; both P < .001). Patients who developed CI were at increased risk for mortality (37.8% vs 6.7%), had longer hospital stays (21.5 vs 8.1 days), incurred higher hospital charges ($182,000 vs $77,000), selleck and were less likely to be discharged home from
hospital (36% vs 71%; all P < .001). Independent predictors of development of CI included ruptured aneurysm (odds ratio [OR] = 6.4), female gender (OR = 1.6) and, in the setting of elective repair, open operation (OR = 3.1). CI was found to be a strong independent predictor of mortality in evaluations of both the entire cohort (OR = 4.5) and the elective open repair and EVAR (OR = 2.4) subgroups.
Conclusions: CI is significantly more common after open AAA repair and is associated with increased morbidity and a two-to fourfold increase in mortality.”
“in the adult, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ISRIB chemical structure is produced by the actions of numerous transporters and
enzymes creating ion gradients that drive the entry of water into the ventricles via the aquaporin-1 water channels (AQP1). It is not known when in development CSF secretion starts but, in the rat, it has been postulated to occur around the time of birth. However, recent evidence suggests that the secretion may start much earlier, as soon as the lateral choroid plexuses first appear (around E14). Purpose: To investigate the developmental profiles of two major enzymes responsible for CSF secretion in the adult, Na, K-ATPase (NKA) and carbonic anhydrase II (CAII). Methods: The developmental profiles of both enzymes were investigated using immunohistochemistry and Western Blot analysis in tissue from embryonic day (E) 15, 18, postnatal day (P) 0, 9 and adult rats.