Conclusion Our study demonstrated that C trachomatis serovars Ba

Conclusion Our study demonstrated that C. trachomatis serovars Ba, D and L2 infected monocytes and DCs in a comparable manner; however, they underwent Epigenetics Compound Library order differential infection consequences. Serovars Ba and D became persistent in monocytes while they degraded within DCs. Serovar L2 could, however, maintain the development cycle in both monocytes and DCs, although the process was severely impaired. The heightened levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted by the

chlamydial infection in DCs compared to monocytes could be instrumental to the differences observed. The host immune genes response to infection displayed distinct Poziotinib activation profile within monocytes and DCs. Collectively, we could establish that the host pathogen interaction in chlamydia infection is not only serovar specific but also cell specific. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Hannover Biomedical Research School (HBRS) and the Center for Infection Biology (ZIB). We appreciate the invaluable assistance of Dr Thorsten Volgmann for providing us with buffy coats. We are grateful to Barbara Hertel for her technical assistance, Anna Buch for microscopy assistance and Jenny Bode for her critical reading and correction of the manuscript. Additional files Additional

file 1: Figure S1. Gene specific primers used for quantitative real-time PCR. Additional file 2: Figure S2. Immunofluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells: HeLa cells were infected with C. trachomatis serovars Ba, D and L2 (MOI-3) for 2 days as positive control. Chlamydial MLN4924 inclusions (green) were stained with FITC conjugated anti-chlamydia LPS antibody and counterstained with Evans Blue. Pictures were taken at 40X magnification with Leica DMLB. The figures are representative

of 3 independent experiments. Additional Fenbendazole file 3: Figure S3. Immunofluorescence microscopy of mock-infected monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs: Monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs were infected with mock control for 2 days. Chlamydial inclusions (green) were stained with FITC conjugated anti-chlamydia LPS antibody and counterstained with Evans Blue. Pictures were taken at 40X magnification with Leica DMLB. The figures are representative of 3 independent experiments. Additional file 4: Figure S4. Effect of heat-killed chlamydia in cytokine induction within infected monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs: Monocytes and monocyte-derived DCs were infected with live and heat-killed EBs of C. trachomatis serovars Ba, D and L2 (MOI-3) and mock control. Supernatants were collected 1 day post infection and the concentration of the different cytokines IL-1β, TNF, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined by using the kit Cytometric Bead Array. The concentration is reported as pg/ml. The mean of 3 independent experiments is shown and each experiment is pool of 2 donors. ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. References 1.

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