Figure 3 Average survival counts of A. hydrophila following storage at different pHs. Enumeration was carried out after storage for 0 min (a) and 9 hr (b), under aerobic (unshaded bars) and ROS neutralised (shaded bars) conditions for water sample kept in darkness for 9 hr at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 Effect of salinity Figure 4 shows the effect of different saline condition (3.50% NaCl, 3.50% sea

salt and 0.0% salt) on average inactivation of A. hydrophila ATCC 35654. All 3 conditions showed a similar degree of inactivation. Overall, it is clear that variation in salinity conditions with NaCl or KPT-8602 molecular weight sea-salt at Silmitasertib order 3.50% had no substantial effect on solar photocatalysis in the TFFBR at high sunlight and low flow rate conditions. In these experiments no sign of salt crystallisation was observed due to evaporation on the TFFBR plate. Figure 4 Effect of different saline conditions on the inactivation

of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 35654. Experiments were carried out using selleck products the TFFBR system under an average value of global irradiance of 1022 W m-2at 4.8 L h-1. Cell enumeration was done under aerobic (unshaded bars) and ROS neutralised (shaded bars) conditions Effect of turbidity In order to investigate the effect of water of different turbidity, Figure 5 was plotted to show the log inactivation counts against turbidity where the initial count was 5.1 log CFU mL-1. It showed that with 0 NTU turbid water sample, 1.3 log inactivation was observed for both aerobic and ROS-neutralised conditions. The extent of inactivation gradually decreased with increasing levels of turbidity e.g. water samples with 23 NTU, 58 NTU and 108 NTU showed an average log inactivation of 1, 0.28 and 0.09, respectively under both aerobic and ROS-neutralised conditions. Under high solar irradiance condition the data also show that Carteolol HCl inactivation was not accompanied by sub-lethal injury across this turbidity range. It is clear that less turbid water samples favour more microbial inactivation. Figure 5 Effect of turbidity on the inactivation of Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 35654. Experiments were carried

out using the TFFBR under an average value of global irradiance of 1033 W m-2 at low flow rate (4.8 L h-1). Enumeration was performed under aerobic (open circles) and anaerobic ROS neutralised (closed circles) conditions Linear regression trend lines were plotted with both sets of data obtained from the counts under aerobic and ROS-neutralised conditions. Both conditions predicted best fit lines with positive intercept close to 1.3 with similar regression coefficient values of 0.89 (Table 1). As the regression coffients are close to 1, they show a strong fit of the data to the linear trend line where microbial inactivation decreases as the water turbidity increases. Table 1 Linear regression analysis for inactivation of A.