However, there is still so much diversity between the two groups of cells. These differences might provide a future research direction to figure out how to optimize differentiation into IPCs. In our study, we only tested the difference between one kind of IPC and normal human pancreatic beta cells. Therefore, our results are not enough

to elucidate the relationship between cellular ultrastructure and function. In order to explore the relationship between cellular structure and cell function, we need to study the links between cell function and more cell membrane proteins, as well as analyze various types of endocrine cells by looking for the common cellular surface ultrastructure. Acknowledgments This work was funded by the Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Project of China (2010B031600105, 2011B031800066),

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