In the same tumor model, quantitative measurement of liposomal-based tumor vascular permeability correlated

with the expression levels of angiogenic biomarkers, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor-2.40 The study demonstrated the benefit of liposomal contrast agent as an imaging surrogate for molecular profiling of angiogenic biomarkers within individual tumors. Monitoring Chemotherapy The use of liposomal contrast agents Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical for prognostication and monitoring the efficacy of nano-chemotherapeutics has been demonstrated in preclinical studies. When injected intravenously into rats bearing a syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma, liposomal contrast

agent helped to predict the outcome of subsequent chemotherapy using a nanoparticle Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical chemotherapeutic, PEGylated liposomal inhibitors doxorubicin (PLD).33 The tumor uptake rate of liposomal contrast agent, as measured by the X-ray image using a clinical mammography system, correlated with the response of tumors upon treatment with PLD. Thus, in individual rats bearing tumors of identical Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical size and morphology, those specific tumors that demonstrated high liposomal contrast agent uptake were most susceptible to treatment by PLD. If validated in the clinic, the liposomal contrast agent could be used as a prognosticator of liposomal chemotherapy Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical outcome, providing obvious clinical value for personalizing therapy. Conclusion Blood pool iodinated agents represent a novel class of CT contrast agents. The preclinical applications described

here provide a glimpse of their potential use in cardiovascular imaging. Clinical translation of these agents could not only improve current imaging but also provide a new paradigm for detection and management of vascular diseases. Conflict of Interest Disclosures: All authors have completed and submitted the Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal Conflict of Interest Statement and the following Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical were reported: Drs. Annapragada and Hoffman are many founders and significant shareholders of Marval Biosciences Inc., and Dr. Ghaghada is a significant shareholder of Marval Biosciences Inc. Funding/Support: Drs. Annapragada’s and Hoffman’s work was partially funded by an unrestricted grant from Marval Biosciences Inc. and a grant from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (2R44EB04700) awarded to Marval Biosciences Inc. (PI: R. Lebovitz). Dr. Karathanasis has received funding support from the American Cancer Society (IRG-91-022-18) and pilot funding from the Case Comprehensive Cancer Center (P30 “type”:”entrez-nucleotide”,”attrs”:”text”:”CA043703″,”term_id”:”24344623″,”term_text”:”CA043703″CA043703).