J Immunol 2004, 173:437–445 PubMed 15 Bazzocchi C, Comazzi S,

J. Immunol. 2004, 173:437–445.PubMed 15. Volasertib chemical structure Bazzocchi C, Comazzi S, Santoni R, Bandi C, Genchi C, Mortarino M: Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) inhibits apoptosis in human neutrophils. Parasite Immunol 2007, 29:73–79.PubMedCrossRef 16. Vizioli J, Richman AM, Uttenweiler-Joseph S, Blass C, Bulet P: The defensin peptide of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae : antimicrobial activities and expression in adult mosquitoes. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2001, 31:241–8.PubMedCrossRef 17. O’Neill SL, et al.: In vitro cultivation of Wolbachia pipientis in an Aedes albopictus this website cell line. Insect Mol. Biol. 1997, 6:33–39.PubMedCrossRef

18. Turner JD, et al.: Wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria of Brugia malayi mediate macrophage tolerance to TLR- and CD40-specific stimuli in a MyD88/TLR2-dependent manner. J. Immunol. 2006, 177:1240–1249.PubMed 19. Bazzocchi C, Ceciliani F, McCall JW, Ricci I, Genchi C, Bandi C: Antigenic role of the endosymbionts of filarial nematodes: IgG response against the Wolbachia surface protein in cats infected with Dirofilaria immitis . Proc. Biol. PLX3397 supplier Sci. London Ser. B 2000, 267:2511–2516.CrossRef 20. Müller HM, Dimopoulos G, Blass C, Kafatos FC: A hemocyte-like cell line established from the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae expresses six prophenoloxidase

genes . J. Biol. Chem. 1999, 274:11727–11735.PubMedCrossRef Methocarbamol 21. Pinto SB, et al.: Discovery of Plasmodium modulators by genome-wide analysis of circulating hemocytes in Anopheles gambiae. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2009, 106:21270–21275.PubMedCrossRef 22. Dong YI, Aguilar R, Xi Z, Warr E, Mongin E, Dimopoulos G: Anopheles gambiae immune responses to human and rodent Plasmodium parasite species. PLoS Path 2006, 2:e52.CrossRef 23. Blagrove MC, Arias-Goeta C, Failloux AB, Sinkins SP: The Wolbachia strain wMel induces cytoplasmic incompatibility and

blocks dengue transmission in Aedes albopictus. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., in press. Authors’ contributions SBP participated in the design of the study, carried out experimental work, data analysis and drafted the manuscript. MM carried out experimental work and data analysis. CB provided reagents and experimental support. ClB participated in the design of the study and helped draft the manuscript. SPS participated in the design of the study, provided reagents and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.”
“Background Wolbachia are a highly diverse group of intracellular, maternally inherited endosymbionts belonging to the α-Proteobacteria [1]. The bacteria infect a wide range of arthropods, including at least 65% of insect species [2–4], as well as filarial nematodes [5].

Comments are closed.