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“Opinion statement

Headache and migraine are common symptoms of the menopause, often associated with irregular periods, hot. ashes, and night sweats. Perimenopausal women should routinely be asked about headache and migraine, so that they can be offered appropriate advice. If attacks are infrequent, it may be sufficient to optimize acute treatment strategies. Lifestyle

changes, alone or combined with a nonprescription treatment such as isoflavones, may be considered, although evidence of efficacy is limited. In women with migraine and more severe menopause symptoms, continuous hormone replacement therapy should be considered, using a nonoral route and the lowest dose effective in controlling symptoms. For women who have contraindications to estrogen therapy or do not wish to use it, compounds that inhibit serotonin buy ABT-263 reuptake, such as venlafaxine,fluoxetine,

and paroxetine, have all shown efficacy for the control of hot. ashes and prevention of migraine. Gabapentin is another nonhormonal option that has clinical trial evidence of effectiveness in treating hot. ashes and reducing the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Although clonidine is licensed in several countries for migraine prophylaxis and treatment of vasomotor symptoms, any benefit Temsirolimus mouse from treatment is often offset by adverse events. There is evidence that hysterectomy can increase the frequency of migraine and menopause symptoms, with added morbidity and risk of mortality. Therapy should regularly be evaluated to assess its ongoing need, as hormonal triggers are self-limiting and abate after menopause.”
“In this study, antioxidant and anti-photoaging activities of 2-methoxy-5-(2-methyl propyl) pyrazine

(MMPP) isolated from peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) were investigated in terms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and type-1 procollagen expression in ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. MMPP was obtained from the butanol fraction of a 95% ethanol extract of peach. The antioxidant and anti-photoaging activity of MMPP were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH), Western blot, and Ilomastat reverse trans-cription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses. MMPP displayed radical scavenging activity, suppressed MMP-1 expression, and increased type-1 procollagen expression. These results support the use of MMPP from peach as an anti-photoaging compound.”
“Opinion statement

Recent scientific data support an effect of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) on pain and headache. BoNT was shown to affect the release of neurotransmitters that are important in pain transmission and in migraine pathogenesis. Data from both animal and clinical studies suggest that the toxin may have an analgesic effect that is independent from its effect on muscle tone. The high tolerability and long duration of action of the drug make it appealing as a potential prophylactic treatment for headache patients.