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“Purpose: We determined the frequency and distribution of metastases to pelvic lymph nodes in a contemporary American radical prostatectomy series.

Materials and Methods: In 642 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated by a single surgeon between 2002 and 2009 pelvic lymph nodes were removed

and submitted to the pathologist in separate packets (external Selleckchem Bindarit iliac, obturator and hypogastric). We assessed the total number of nodes and the number with metastases in each packet.

Results: Complete pathological information was available for 427 patients, who had a median of 16 lymph nodes removed. Of the patients 35 (8.2%) had lymph node metastases, including 1.7% with low, 8.6% with intermediate and 23.9% with high risk cancer. Of those with nodal metastases 24 (69%) had positive lymph nodes in only 1 of the 3 areas, including the external iliac in 4 (11%), the obturator in 9 (26%) and the hypogastric in 11 (31%). Only 37% of the patients had positive nodes only in the external iliac area above the obturator nerve while 60% and 49% had at least 1 positive node

in the obturator and the hypogastric area, respectively. Of the patients 80% had only 1 (49%) or 2 (31%) positive nodes.

Conclusions: In contemporary American patients with clinically localized prostate cancer lymph node metastases were found more often and frequently exclusively in the obturator and hypogastric areas than in the external iliac area. Pelvic lymph node dissection limited to the external iliac area above the obturator nerve from would identify and remove lymph node metastases in only a third of the patients with EX 527 clinical trial positive nodes found at full pelvic lymph node dissection.”
“Distal hyperintense vessels (DHV) are frequently detected by fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Despite its relevance to patient care outcomes, the presence of DHV has not been evaluated in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA).

We performed a retrospective analysis of all TIA patients admitted to the study hospital from 2006 to 2010 who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

within 24 h of symptom onset followed by further intracranial and extracranial vascular imaging. We then analyzed the relationship between DHV, large artery severe stenosis or occlusion (LASO), and clinical presentation.

Forty-three TIA patients were enrolled in this study. DHV signals on FLAIR images were positive in 14 (33 %) patients. Patients with DHV were significantly more likely to have severe stenosis or occlusion in intracranial (P = 0.01) and extracranial vessels (P = 0.04) than patients without DHV. DHV was associated independently with LASO (odds ratio = 6.1; 95 % CI, 1.2-31.5).

Evaluation of DHV signals on FLAIR images may facilitate prediction of LASO in TIA patients and therefore enable prompt vascular assessment.