\n\nResults: In addition to the OXA-181 gene, all contained other transmissible resistance determinants including extended spectrum beta-lactamases, oxacillinases or 16S rRNA methylase genes, but none contained metallo-beta-lactamases or serine carbapenemases. All isolates had a multidrug resistant phenotype with two isolates being resistant to every

antibiotic tested including colistin. Multilocus sequence typing confirmed five isolates belonged to ST17 and two to ST14, with those belonging to the same sequence type having identical PFGE profiles. The OXA-181 gene was typically carried on large plasmids which were mostly non-conjugative.\n\nConclusions: OXA-181 carbapenemase appears to be an important and probably under-recognised cause of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae in FK228 supplier Singapore. Further coordinated selleck products research into clinical and molecular epidemiology of carbapenemases is urgently required in Singapore and throughout Asia.”
“Purpose: Internal mammary lymph node (IMLN) metastasis is an important prognostic indicator in breast cancer. However, the necessity of internal mammary sentinel lymph node biopsy for accurate staging, for choosing adjuvant treatment, and as a prognostic indicator, has remained controversial. Methods: From January 2001 to December 2006, 525 female breast cancer patients

underwent radical surgery after preoperative lymphatic scintigraphy. We retrospectively analyzed the follow-up results, recurrences, and deaths of all patients. Results: There was no significant difference in the clinicopathological characteristics between the axilla and the IMLN groups. The median follow-up period was 118.8 months (range, 7-122 months) in the axilla group and 107.7 months (range, 14-108 months) Crenigacestat in the IMLN group. During the median follow-up period, the breast cancer-related death rate in the axilla group was 3.6%, which was not significantly

different from that of the IMLN group (1.3%) (p=0.484). The five-year survival rates did not differ between the two groups (p=0.306). The overall recurrence rate and the loco-regional recurrence rate also did not differ between the two groups (p=0.835 and p=0.582, respectively). The recurrence rate of IMLN (both ipsilateral and contralateral) metastasis was very low, accounting for 0.5% in the axilla group and 1.3% in the IMLN group (p=0.416). Conclusion: The long-term follow-up results showed that there was no significant difference in both overall outcome and regional recurrence between the two groups. Therefore, the requirement for identification of nodal basins outside the axilla or IMLN sentinel biopsy should be reconsidered.”
“Studying the interaction between uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and uroepithelial cells is important in elucidating the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection.