So we e amined the phosphor ylation of JAK2 in http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ganetespib-sta-9090.html these two colon cancer cell lines. We found that FLLL32 also inhibits JAK2 phosphorylation in both cell lines. FLLL32 with higher concentration also inhibited the phosphoryla tion of STAT3 at residue Ser727 in SW480 cancer cell line but in HCT116 cancer cell line, the phosphoryla tion of STAT3 could not be detected. The phosphorylation ERK1 2 was not inhibited by FLLL32 in both colon cancer cell lines. We ne t e amined the effects of FLLL32 in U87 and U251 glioblastoma cells. FLLL32 with higher concentration inhib ited the phosphorylation of STAT3 at residue Ser727 in U251 glioblastoam cell line, but in U87 glioblastoama cell line the STAT3 Ser 727 phos phorylation could not be detected. The phosphorylation ERK1 2 was not reduced by FLLL32.

FLLL32 was also more potent than curcumin to inhibit STAT3 Y705 and JAK2 phosphorylation in U266 and ARH 77 multiple myeloma cell lines. Higher concentration of FLLL32 also slightly inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 at residue Ser727 in both multiple myeloma cell lines. The effects of STAT3 phosphorylation in liver cancer cells were also e amined. FLLL32 inhibit STAT3 Y705 phosphorylation in SNU449, HEP3B, SNU387, and SNU398 liver cancer cells. However, the phos phorylation of ERK1 2 was not reduced e cept in SNU387 cells. The phosphorylation of mTOR was also not reduced in HEP3B and SNU398 cells. FLLL32 has little effect in inhibiting STAT3 S727 phosphorylation in SNU449, HEP3B, SNU398 and liver cancer cells lines.

We were not able to detect JAK2 phosphorylation in these liver cancer cell lines and in SNU387 cell line, the phosphorylation of STAT3 could not be detected. FLLL32 inhibits the e pression of the STAT3 downstream targets and induced apoptosis in cancer cells FLLL32 was also found to down regulate the e pression of STAT3 downstream targets that are involved in cell proliferation, survival, and other functions. Not all of the cancer cell lines e pressed the same STAT3 down stream targets but cyclin D1, Bcl 2, survivin, DNMT1 and TWIST1 were among the most common STAT3 downstream targets e pressed and were inhibited by the STAT3 inhibitor, FLLL32. With the decreases of STAT3 phosphorylation and STAT3 downstream targets, the induction of apoptosis by FLLL32 was as evidenced by cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase PARP and caspase 3 in these human cancer cell lines.

FLLL32 is also more potent than curcumin to induce apoptosis in these cancer cells. We also tested a pre viously reported STAT3 inhibitor Stattic and a pre viously reported JAK2 inhibitor WP1066 as positive controls to detect their effects on Cilengitide apoptosis. Stattic and WP1066 were also found to inhibit STAT3 phosphoryla tion and induce apoptosis indicated by the cleaveage of capase 3 in HCT116 colon cancer cells and U266 multiple myeloma cells.