Supply and transfer line temperature had been 200 C and 270 C, respectively, and detector voltage was set at 2100 V. The acquisition selection was m z 41 to 600 that has a spectrum recoding interval of 0. four s. The process was tuned with PFK to realize a reso lution of 5,000 at m z 292. 9824, along with the mass accuracy across all suitable ions was far better than 4 mmu. NMR analyses had been carried out working with hexane extracts of many tens of thousands of ants. The extracts had been purified utilizing conditioned SiOH columns with distilled hexane and chloroform as respective eluents. The novel compounds have been eluted with chloroform, which was then evaporated along with the fraction reconstituted in hexane. Soon after concentration to 50 ul, the fraction was chromatographed over two. 0 g silica gel in twelve fractions of four ml each, employing the next solvents .
one hundred.0, 100.0, 50.one, 20.1, ten.1, five.1, three.1, one.one, 0.one hundred, 0.a hundred, 0.a hundred, 0.one hundred. The novel compounds have been discovered exclusively in the initial 100% dichloromethane fraction, in which the principle compound had a concentration of 89%. NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian INOVA 500 MHz instrument equipped that has a three mm ID PFG probe. The 1H and 13C their explanation chemical shifts were referenced to solvent signal at H C 7. 27 77. 0 ppm relative to TMS. All 1D and 2D NMR measurements have been performed utilizing normal Varian pulse sequences. Adiabatic broadband and band selective 2D gradient enhanced HSQC and HMBC measurements were carried out using standard CHEMPACK 4. 0 pulse se quences implemented by K. Krishnamurthy in Varian VnmrJ2. 1B software.
The amount and nature of unsaturations from the novel compounds have been investigated by normal hydrogenation LY500307 procedures of crude Cr. modiglianii extracts employing hydro gen and palladium on carbon and rhodium on carbon as catalysts in methanol. Moreover, the probable occurrence of triple bonds was checked by hydrogenation using Lindlars catalyst in methanol. To determine the presence of key and or secondary alcohols, extracts had been taken care of with MSTFA to get trimethylsilyl derivatives or with acetic anhydride pyridine to obtain the corresponding acetates by conventional micro derivatization procedures. Behavioural experiments So that you can disentangle distinct sources of recognition cues, we confronted the ants with 4 various kinds of cues . freshly killed workers, their cuticular extracts, a non polar along with a polar fraction of cuticular extracts.
Extracts and fractions have been presented on dead, thoroughly solvent washed ants, In each and every check series, we measured whether the observed ants distinguished in between intra and allocolonial cues on the respective partner species, The exper iments had been performed employing a Cr. modiglianii colony and Ca. rufifemur cues, and vice versa. The probable aggression decreasing result of the crematoenones was on top of that tested applying a Ca.