The interpretation of the AFP on the initial lateral radiograph was compared with the final patient outcome (fracture/no fracture).\n\nResults: Two hundred thirty-one patients had elbow radiographs; 34 patients (15%) were lost to follow-up. A total of 56 fractures were identified: 49 (87%) on the initial radiograph and an additional 7 (13%) on follow-up radiographs. This latter group was defined as occult fractures. Among the 197 patients available for analysis, 113 (57%) had a normal
AFP on the initial radiograph. Of these, 2 children had a final diagnosis of fracture. The sensitivity of a normal AFP was 96.4% (95% confidence interval, 86.6%-99.4%), and the negative predictive value was 98.2% (95% confidence interval, selleck products 93.1%-99.7%). There was a significant difference in mean AFP angle when the AFP was read as normal (14.7 [SD, 3.3] degrees) compared with when it was read as abnormal (27.0 [SD, 6.8] degrees) (P < 0.01).\n\nConclusions: Our data suggest that a normal AFP is highly associated with absence of elbow fracture and that the determination of a normal AFP can be aided by measuring
the apical angle of the AFP.”
“Epileptic seizures are often C59 strongly influenced by the sleep-wake cycle. In many patients, seizures occur predominantly or exclusively during sleep. These cases can often represent a diagnostic dilemma. A high degree of suspicion combined with knowledge of the characteristics that distinguish nocturnal epileptic seizures from other nocturnal paroxysmal events is necessary to make the diagnosis. This article will review characteristics of nocturnal ZD1839 ic50 epileptic seizures in adults, including etiology, clinical semiology, differential
diagnosis, and treatment.”
“A commercial purity (CP) Grade 2 Ti was processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) using an imposed pressure of 3.0 GPa at room temperature. The HPT processing reduced the grain size from similar to 8.6 mu m in the as-received state to ultra-fine grains (UFG) of similar to 130 nm after HPT. Tensile testing showed the HPT-processed Ti exhibited a good combination of high ultimate tensile strength (similar to 940 MPa) and a reasonable elongation to failure (similar to 23%). Physical vapour deposition was used to deposit TiN coatings, with a thickness of 2.5 mu m, on Ti samples both with and without HPT processing. Scratch tests showed the TiN coating on UFG Ti had a critical failure load of 22.5 N whereas the load was only similar to 12.7 N for the coarse-grained Ti. The difference is explained using a simple composite hardness model. Wear tests demonstrated an improved wear resistance of TiN coating when using UFG Ti as the substrate. The results suggest that CP Ti processed by HPT and subsequently coated with TiN provides a potentially important material for use in bio-implants. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.