The number of animals and intensity of noxious this website stimuli used were the minimum necessary to demonstrate consistent effects of the drug treatments. The animals were intraperitoneally (i.p.) pre-treated with vehicle (saline, 10 ml/kg) and STK-1000R (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg), 30 min before the i.p. injection of 0.6% aqueous acetic acid (0.45 ml/mouse, made up in saline). The abdominal constrictions were counted over a period of 20 min (Rodrigues et al., 2012). The mice received 20 μl of a 2.5% formalin solution (0.92% formaldehyde, in saline) intraplantarly under the ventral surface of the right hindpaw. Animals were observed from 0 to 5 min (early phase) and 15

to 30 min (late phase) and the time that they spent licking the injected paw was considered as indicative of nociception (Rodrigues et al., 2012). Animals were treated with vehicle (saline, 10 ml/kg, i.p.) and STK-1000R (0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p), 30 min before the formalin injection. Data were expressed as means ± standard error of mean (S.E.M.) with 6–8 animals per group. Comparisons between experimental and control groups were performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)

followed by Newman–Keul’s test. P values less than 0.05 were considered as indicative of significance. The pulp of tamarillo fruits was freeze–dried (yielding buy E7080 a moisture content of approximately 80%). The dried pulp powder (235 g) was then de-fatted with chloroform–methanol (1:1) in a Sohxlet apparatus, yielding nonpolar compounds at a content of approximately 26%. The defatted residue was then submitted to successive extraction with water and 10%

aq. KOH, both at 100 °C, and the extracted polysaccharides (fraction TW and TK, respectively) recovered Dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase by EtOH precipitation and dialysis, respectively (Fig. 1B). The fraction TW was obtained in 9.0% yield, while fraction TK was a polysaccharide obtained in only 1.0% yield. Both fractions were submitted to freeze–thaw treatment, giving rise to precipitates (PTW, 0.5% yield and PTK, 0.1% yield, each) and supernatants (STW, 6.0% yield and STK, 0.9% yield). The monosaccharide analysis of PTW revealed only arabinose (32.0%) and glucose (68.0%). The glucose content was due to starch, with typical 13C NMR signals at δ 100.6 (C-1), 72.1 (C-2), 73.2 (C-3), 78.9 (C-4), 71.7 (C-5) and 60.7 (C-6). To remove this polysaccharide, an α-amylase digestion was performed. Thereafter, only arabinose was detected on monosaccharide analysis, indicating the presence of an arabinan. The HSQC spectrum of the arabinan is given in Fig. 2A. The data suggested that the arabinan contained a linear structure and (1 → 5)-linked α-l-arabinofuranosyl units, due to the presence of exclusively five signals in the spectrum. The assignments of the signals were done by COSY and HSQC experiments and are shown in Fig. 2A. The C-5 O-substitution was confirmed with DEPT-135 experiment ( Fig.