Very likely, iTRF_140nt originated from the 16S rRNA gene sequenc

Very likely, iTRF_140nt originated from the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Flammeovirgaceae, iTRF_233nt from Actinobacterium hgcl, and iTRF_270nt from Verrucomicrobia. Total bacterial cell counts (TCC) (1–3.8 cells 106 cm−3) and bacterial protein production (BPP) (3.2–34 mgC m−3 d−1) reached their maxima at the Kiezmark station (Table 1). The bacterial doubling times (DT) (19.8 h to 2.17 d) showed a reverse pattern (Figure 6). The doubling time of the investigated bacterioplankton was 20 hours

in the river, 40 hours at station E54 and more than 2 days in the open sea. Bacterial biomass (BBM, 9.9–39.8 mgC m−3) had the highest values in the river and decreased towards the open sea (Figure 6). Bacteria (EUBI-III) accounted for 38–69% of the total cell counts (DAPI). The amount of Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria (freshwater bacteria) was Talazoparib supplier highest in the River Vistula (18.0% and GSK J4 concentration 14.2%). In contrast, both bacterioplankton populations accounted for less than 5% of the total cell counts close to the river mouth, at station ZN2. With increasing distance from the land, the relative proportion of Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased, and stayed constant at ca 3.5%, starting at station E53 and into the open Baltic Sea ( Figure 7a). Gammaproteobacteria and Roseobacter achieved their maximum amounts (4.8% and 0.58%) at station E54. The SAR11 group

was barely detectable, with a maximum amount (0.7%) at station E53 ( Figure 7b). Alphaproteobacteria accounted selleck inhibitor for 5.7% of the total cell counts at the Kiezmark station and decreased to 2.2% at the open sea station E62. Members of the Bacteroidetes group accounted for 6.5%–11.1% ( Figure 7b). The representative freshwater betaproteobacterium Limnohabitans was below the level of detection at all stations. In this study, we investigated

the differences between the microbial communities of different water bodies in the Gulf of Gdańsk in late summer. The eutrophic waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk are phytoplankton-rich habitats during the growing season, lasting from April to October (Witek et al. 1997). The River Vistula stimulates both phytoplankton and bacterioplankton growth in the inner part of the Gulf of Gdańsk (Wielgat-Rychert et al. 2013). Allochthonous organic matter, as well as autochthonous matter of phytoplankton origin, are substrates which cause the growth of heterotrophic bacteria in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Ameryk et al. 2005). The phytoplankton composition in the Gulf of Gdańsk was typical for this season, as documented for the southern Baltic Proper since 2005 (Kownacka & Gromisz 2011). Coscinodiscus sp., which was the most important factor explaining the separation of station E54, is commonly present in the southern part of the Baltic Sea at the end of summer and in autumn (unpublished observation).

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