Conclusions: Although ecologic data such as this have limitations, the significant differential effects observed by

time period and age group are suggestive of a vaccine effect of similar magnitude to that documented by postmarketing surveillance in the United States. The rapid uptake of 7vPCV in Australia, including catch up to 2 years of age, is an important difference to the United States and it is possible that an even greater effect would have been observed with a booster dose in the second year of life. Longer term data will be needed to fully assess the role of a booster dose.”
“To assess the measurement properties of the COPD assessment test (CAT) in a randomized trial comparing a face-to-face interview (FFI) with JAK inhibitor a telephone interview (TI).

A randomized study was conducted at two teaching hospitals in Fortaleza, Brazil. Patients were randomly assigned to answer the CAT questionnaire either in a FFI or by TI. The two groups were assessed for internal consistency reliability, cross-sectional validity and test-retest reliability. All patients performed spirometry and answered the modified medical research council dyspnea scale and the St. George’s respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ).

The total scores of the CAT questionnaire were similar for face-to-face selleck chemicals llc and TI groups, 20.71 (95 % CI 18-23.4) versus 20.81 (95 % CI 19.31-21.7),

respectively. For both mode of administration, we found good internal consistency reliability, selleck chemical the Cronbach’s alpha ranged from 0.74 (95 % CI 0.61-0.84) to 0.89 (95 % CI 0.84-0.93) for the TI and FFI, respectively. In general, moderate-to-high correlations of CAT with SGRQ were observed, independent of the administration format. For the test-retest reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficients were very similar for both FFI and TI group 0.96 (95 % CI 0.93-0.97) versus 0.98 (95 % CI 0.96-0.98), respectively.

This study demonstrated that

the CAT questionnaire administration either in a FFI or by TI presents moderate-to-high measurement properties. This provides support for the use of both modes of questionnaire administration.”
“To assess the non-LDL-C-related dyslipidaemia risk of MI, 823 men aged 23 to 65 with a first MI were compared with 823 MI-free PROCAM controls matched for sex, age, smoking, DM, BP and LDL-C. Overall, the odds of MI in men with HDL-C < 1.15 mmol/L were 2.6 times those of men with HDL-C >= 1.15 mmol/L, and the odds of MI in men with triglycerides >= 1.71 mmol/L were 1.4 times those of men with lower triglycerides. If LDL-C was < 2.58 mmol/L, relative MI odds attributed to HDL-C < 1.15 mmol/L increased to 3.4, while relative odds attributed to triglycerides >= 1.71 mmol/L increased to 2.6; men in this LDL category with HDL-C < 1.15 mmol/L and/or triglycerides >= 1.71 mmol/L displayed an MI odds ratio of 5.0. MI risk associated with low HDL-C and/or high triglycerides is substantial, particularly if LDL-C is low.